Geospatial Assessment of Managed Aquifer Recharge Potential Sites in Punjab, Pakistan

Groundwater is a precious natural resource that vital to various aspects of life. Punjab experiencing groundwater stress due urbanization and population growth, leading overuse reduced aquifer recharge. Sustainable supplies can only be created through better management artificial recharge techniques. This study uses multi-influencing factor, literature-based, combined techniques identify characterize groundwater-managed potential sites (GWMARPSs) in Punjab. There are limitations the previous work this field, these factors have not been used estimate GWRPSs area. The GIS RS overlay twelve geo-informative layers, with rainfall being most significant factor. High-quality data observations from field incorporated into model. classifies GWMARPSs five categories, having 0.34%, 13.29%, 60.68%, 25.26%, 0.43% least, poorly, moderately, well-, highly suitable sites. Punjab’s southern regions least for recharge, while some areas eastern northern well-suited Alluvial plains, valleys, low-lying areas, volcanic landforms classified as poorly zones. Model predictions validated using piezometric level ROC exhibit good performance (AUC, 0.74). could serve baseline future research.